When both side chains and secondary functional groups are present, they should be written mixed together in one group rather than in two separate groups. The "di" is not considered in either case). For example, ethyl comes before dihydroxy or dimethyl, as the "e" in "ethyl" precedes the "h" in "dihydroxy" and the "m" in "dimethyl" alphabetically. are not taken into consideration for grouping alphabetically. Identification of the remaining functional groups, if any, and naming them by their ionic prefixes (such as hydroxy for -OH, oxy for =O, oxyalkane for O-R, etc.).ĭifferent side-chains and functional groups will be grouped together in alphabetical order. Side chains are the carbon chains that are not in the parent chain, but are branched off from it. Identification of the parent functional group, if any, with the highest order of precedence. If more than one functional group is present, the one with highest precedence should be used.Ī) It should have the maximum number of multiple bonds.ī) It should have the maximum number of single bonds. By suffix, it is meant that the parent functional group should have a suffix, unlike halogen substituents. It should have the maximum number of substituents of the suffix functional group. This chain must obey the following rules, in order of precedence: Identification of the parent hydrocarbon chain. The steps for naming an organic compound are as follows: If you need further information ask your chemistry tutor.In organic chemistry, a number of prefixes, suffixes and infixes are used to describe the type and position of functional groups in the compound. Similar and related pages describe hydrocarbons, alkanes, haloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons (arenes), alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, azo dyes, amines, amides, nitriles, amino acids (chemistry), peptides, proteins (chemistry), polypeptides and others. This is one of many pages about types of organic compounds in our Organic Chemistry Section. See also the related page about functional groups in organic molecules. The purpose of these lists is to give a general indication of the range of names by which these linear esters are, or have been, known. They have not all been verified and may include common (non-scientific) names and trade names specific to particular suppliers. * The synonyms indicated for compounds listed above are just some examples of alternative names found online and believed to have been used to refer to the compound indicated. Why stop at six carbon atoms (before the -O- ) ? It doesn't. Showing bond types but not accurate bond anglesĮxamples of other names, not complete lists. This is easier to follow when viewing the molecular structures in the table: The following table shows the first six members of the homologous series of linear esters that include a -methyl group attached (via a single covalent bond) to the oxygen atom in the chain of the ester molecule. In which R 2 = CH 3, which is known as a "-methyl group" Names and Structures of simple Linear Esters It helps to consider a series of simple examples in order to recognise patterns in the naming of esters that can then be applied to similar and larger and more complicated examples. halogens (see haloalkanes), attached as well.Įase of naming esters and drawing the molecular structures of esters comes with experience. R 1 and R 2 may be linear charbon chains (which are simpler to name) or they may be branched, and they may even have other functional groups, e.g. R 1 and R 2 by noticing which R the oxygen atom is attached to by a double bond. Recall the standard system of labelling carbon chains as used for alkanes.
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